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Rice straw-based sustainable food packaging material with improved strength and barrier properties: Development and characterization, TAPPI Journal October 2023
ABSTRACT: Sustainable food packaging paper with high barrier and strength properties was developed with rice straw nanocellulose materials. Pulping and bleaching of rice straw were performed using an organosolv pulping and DED (D: chlorine dioxide bleaching; E: sodium hydroxide extraction) bleaching sequence. Bleached rice straw pulp was refined to 90°SR using a laboratory Valley beater. The laboratory handsheets were prepared using pulp slurry at 40°SR and 90°SR. The handsheets of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) made of highly refined pulp (90°SR) were surface sized using alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) wax to increase the barrier properties of paper for selective food packaging applications. The paper samples were tested for mechanical, optical, surface, and barrier properties, including tensile index, burst index, tearing index, bending stiffness, elongation, porosity, apparent density, opacity, Cobb value, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), oil and grease resistance, and contact angle. The refined pulp (90°SR) was analyzed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and it was observed that the morphology of the developed fibers changes to the nanoscale (<100 nm) for at least one dimension. The particle size distribution of the refined pulp using DLS analyzer also confirmed the cellulose fibers to near nanoscale. It was concluded that nanofibers were formed by a high degree of the mechanical pulp refining process and found to be much more economical than alternative processes in this direction. The sample handsheets of CNFs showed good strength and barrier properties. The barrier properties further increased when surface sizing was done using low-cost, nontoxic, and biodegradable AKD wax.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Paper coated with sonochemically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles: Enhancement of properties for preservation of documents, TAPPI JOURNAL January 2017
Paper coated with sonochemically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles: Enhancement of properties for preservation of documents, TAPPI JOURNAL January 2017
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Nanocellulose in Japan: An industrial perspective, TAPPI Journal April 2019
ABSTRACT: With the maturing of Japan’s economy, domestic demand for paper and paperboard is more likely to level off in the long term. Japanese paper companies are accelerating overseas production, especially in the emerging Asian markets, while strengthening competitiveness of domestic mills and developing new products. In Japan, we have always focused on emerging technologies and driving innovation in the pulp and paper industry. As a business definition, innovation does not equal innovative technology. Innovative technology can become innovation only when it is commercialized and used in industry.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Investigation on the recycling of sulfuric acid from pretreatment of cellulose for nanocellulose preparation, TAPPI JOURNAL February 2020
ABSTRACT: Sulfuric acid is often used to pretreat cellulose prior to homogenization and conversion to nanocellulose. It would be economically significant to reuse the acid to close the overall value chain loop. The target of this work was to investigate the effect of recovery and recycling frequency of sulfuric acid from the pretreatments on the pretreatment yield of water-insoluble cellulose solid residue, and to explore the relationship between the nanocellulose size prepared by recovery of acid and number of cycles. The surface properties of the nanocelluloses were measured, including content of sulfate groups, absolute zeta potential, crystallinity, and thermal stability.
Journal articles
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The winding mechanics of laminate webs, TAPPI Journal February 2020
ABSTRACT: Models that describe the residual stresses due to winding single-layer webs at the end of roll-to-roll manufacturing machines are mature. These models have been used to reduce or avoid defects that are due to winding. Many laminated products exist where two or more webs have been joined to form a thicker composite web. The properties of the web layers provide a unique functionality to the product being manufactured. No laminate winding models exist in the literature. This paper will focus on the development of a laminate winding model and laboratory test verification of the model.
Journal articles
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A new approach for the preparation of cellulose nanocrystals from bamboo pulp through extremely low acid hydrolysis, TAPPI Journal January 2020
ABSTRACT: As a renewable and biodegradable nanomaterial, cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) has a wide range of potential applications, but production of CNC faces significant challenges in capital investment and manufacturing cost. In this work, the one-step preparation of CNC from bleached kraft bamboo pulp by extremely low acid (concen-tration of acid = 0.1 wt%) hydrolysis was demonstrated. The experimental data indicated that the yield of CNC was strongly affected by the operating pressure and concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl), as well as temperature. Rod-like CNC with a mean particle size of 524 nm was obtained through an extremely low acid (ELA) hydrolysis pro-cess. The yield of CNC can reach to 37.1% by an ELA hydrolysis process at 180°C for 60 min with 0.08 wt% HCl and 20 MPa operating pressure. The Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements show that the as-pre-pared CNC maintained cellulose structure. Compared with a conventional CNC prepared by strong sulfuric acid (H2SO4) hydrolysis, the CNC prepared by ELA hydrolysis process exhibited much higher thermal stability.
Journal articles
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Editorial: Nanocellulose: What's next?
Many of the researchers in this field in the late 1990s and early 2000s were challenged in terms of translation research issues due to the limited production capacity of nanocellulosics on a global stage. To address this call, several pilot-plant production plants have been developed and can now deliver NC on multikilo/ton scale as these issues are gradually being resolved.
Journal articles
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From biorefineries to bioproducts: conversion of pretreated pulp from biorefining streams to lignocellullose nanofibers, TAPPI Journal April 2019
ABSTRACT: This study investigates the use of pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis side streams and conver-sion to lignocellulose nanofibers. We used a steam-exploded and partial enzymatic hydrolyzed hardwood pulp and an organosolv pretreated softwood pulp to prepare lignocellulose nanofibers (LCNF) via microfluidization. The ener-gies applied on fibrillation were estimated to examine the energy consumption levels of LCNF production. The ener-gy consumptions of the fibrillation processes of the hardwood LCNF production and the softwood LCNF production were about 7040-14080 kWh/ton and 4640 kWh/ton on a dry material basis, respectively. The morphology and dimension of developed hardwood and softwood LCNFs and the stability and rheological behavior of their suspen-sions were investigated and are discussed.
Journal articles
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Extensive function of green synthesized titania nanoparticles: Photodegradation of Congo red, TAPPI Journal September 2023
ABSTRACT: Several extensive research studies have explored the advantages of green templates in the synthesis of structure and morphology-controlled photocatalytic nanomaterials. This paper compares the abilities of zingiber rhizome extract (ZE) and tapioca starch extracts (TS) in modifying the surface and optical properties of titania nanoparticles (TNP) synthesized by solgel technique. The synthesized nanocatalysts were characterized using various physicochemical techniques. While zingiber (ginger) extract effectively promotes the formation of dual anatase and rutile phases, tapioca extract supports formation of the single anatase phase of titania. These two extracts were examined for the degradation of Congo red in the presence of sunlight. The photomineralization and recyclability of catalysts were evaluated through total organic content analysis. The easy recovery and reusability of zingiber and tapioca biomasses, along with good control over the growth of nanoparticles, enable them to be implicit novel green templates in the successful synthesis of photoactive mesoporous nanotitania.
Journal articles
Magazine articles
Effects of orders of addition in nanocellulose•cationic starch• colloidal silica systems for papermaking, TAPPI Journal October 2022
ABSTRACT: Two orders of addition were compared when preparing paper handsheets from recycled copy paper furnish in combination with nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), cationic starch, colloidal silica, and cationic retention aid (cPAM; cationic polyacrylamide). Faster dewatering and higher fine-particle retention were obtained at equal optimized dosages of additives when the colloidal silica was added last, after addition of the cPAM. The same order of addition also provided a higher gain in the paper’s tensile strength. However, higher paper stiffness was achieved when the colloidal silica was instead added to the NFC, after its pretreatment with cationic starch. Results were consistent with the principle that papermaking additives added shortly before sheetforming tend to have the largest effects on drainage and retention. The results also demonstrated a sensitivity to the relative dosages of positively and negatively charged additives.
